From Guilds to Trade Unions. Labour Organization in Syria in the late Ottoman Empire and under the French Mandate

My research aims at examining the historical process in which guilds gave way to other forms of organizations in an astonishingly frictionless, sometimes transformative, sometimes replacing way.

 

In the Ottoman empire, the guild system played a key role in organizing labour and the economy. The successive introduction of capitalist modes of production in the Ottoman Empire over the course of the 19^th and early 20^th century not only changed way labour and production was organized. These alterations also implied a change in the organizational representation of labour.

While the guild system was a central piece in organizing labour and the economy in the Ottoman empire, it was associations and trade unions that finally proved to be the appropriate model to circumstances in a capitalist market economy. It was in the later part of the 19^th century that, in Syria, craft guilds lost much of their influence. Consequentially, an Ottoman law abolished the craft guilds in 1912 and replaced them with craft associations, a measure reinforced by French mandate legislation in the interwar period. Still, traditional craft organizations and similar hybrid or derivative forms of organizations survive well into the 20^th century. But when the Syrian Republic eventually gained independence in 1946, trade unionism had prevailed and proved to be most suitable to represent craftsmen and workers, and, at the same time, to establish a new corporatist model of integration that could exert sufficient control over craft and labour.

Erstbetreuung: Prof. Dr. Ulrike Freitag

 

Zweitbetreuung: PD Dr. Nora Lafi

Publikationen:

 

Tipping the Scales towards an Islamic Spiritual Medicine: Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya on Jinn and Epilepsy; in: Böttcher, Krawietz (Ed.): Jinn, Cultural Flows and Health-Management of Muslims. Palgrave Macmillan, 2020.